ADAPTIMMUNE THERAPEUTICS PLC

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-37368

ADAPTIMMUNE THERAPEUTICS PLC

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)


England and Wales	Not Applicable
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

60 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park

Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RX

United Kingdom

(Address of principal executive offices)

(44) 1235 430000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered

American Depositary Shares, each representing 6 Ordinary Shares, par value £0.001 per share	ADAP	The Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ⌧ Yes ◻ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ⌧ Yes ◻ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ◻	Accelerated filer ◻
Non-accelerated filerx	Smaller reporting company x
	Emerging growth company☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standard provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ⌧ No

As of May 12, 2025, the number of outstanding ordinary shares par value £0.001 per share of the Registrant is 1,590,309,546.

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

ADAPTIMMUNE THERAPEUTICS PLC

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share data)


	March 31,		December 31,
	2025		2024
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	41,054	$	91,139
Marketable securities - available-for-sale debt securities (amortized cost of $18,512 and $60,451) net of allowance for expected credit losses of $0 and $0		18,509		60,466
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for expected credit losses of $0 and $0		4,382		1,454
Inventory, net		11,759		7,320
Other current assets and prepaid expenses		27,294		27,790
Total current assets		102,998		188,169

Restricted cash		1,950		2,067
Other non-current assets		377		629
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net of accumulated amortization of $19,080 and $17,750		19,217		19,909
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $70,048 and $51,893		29,724		31,309
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $5,819 and $5,567		3,806		3,880
Total assets	$	158,072	$	245,963

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	5,701	$	8,692
Operating lease liabilities, current		4,627		4,709
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		24,863		32,919
Restructuring provision		3,437		5,911
Deferred revenue, current		12,444		12,296
Total current liabilities		51,072		64,527

Operating lease liabilities, non-current		18,668		19,263
Deferred revenue, non-current		95,979		95,815
Borrowings, non-current		25,411		50,237
Other liabilities, non-current		4,371		4,272
Total liabilities		195,501		234,114

Stockholders’ equity
Common stock - Ordinary shares par value £0.001, 2,039,252,874 authorized and 1,547,093,808 issued and outstanding (2024: 2,039,252,874 authorized and 1,535,653,620 issued and outstanding)		2,099		2,085
Additional paid in capital		1,106,455		1,105,653
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(4,412)		(1,902)
Accumulated deficit		(1,141,571)		(1,093,987)
Total stockholders' equity		(37,429)		11,849

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	158,072	$	245,963

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ADAPTIMMUNE THERAPEUTICS PLC

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except share and per share data)



	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2025		2024
Revenue:
Product revenue, net	$	4,048	$	—
Development revenue		3,237		5,678
Total revenue		7,285		5,678
Operating expenses:
Cost of goods sold		(879)		—
Research and development		(28,857)		(35,207)
Selling, general and administrative		(23,282)		(19,732)
Total operating expenses		(53,018)		(54,939)
Loss from operations		(45,733)		(49,261)
Interest income		910		1,345
Interest expense		(1,881)		—
Other income (expense), net		(305)		(61)
Loss before income tax expense		(47,009)		(47,977)
Income tax expense		(575)		(526)
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders	$	(47,584)	$	(48,503)

Net loss per ordinary share
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(0.03)	$	(0.03)

Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted		1,542,159,622		1,451,241,661

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ADAPTIMMUNE THERAPEUTICS PLC

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGE IN EQUITY

(In thousands, except share data)


						Accumulated
						other
						comprehensive				Total
	Common	Common		Additional		(loss)		Accumulated		stockholders’
	stock	stock		paid in capital		income		deficit		equity
Balance as of January 1, 2025	1,535,653,620		2,085		1,105,653		(1,902)		(1,093,987)	$	11,849

Net loss	—		—		—		—		(47,584)		(47,584)
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		(2,510)		—		(2,510)
Issuance of shares upon exercise of stock options	7,738,026		9		—		—		—		9
Issue of shares under At The Market sales agreement, net of commission and expenses	3,702,162		5		117		—		—		122
Share-based compensation expense	—		—		685		—		—		685
Balance as of March 31, 2025	1,547,093,808	$	2,099	$	1,106,455	$	(4,412)	$	(1,141,571)	$	(37,429)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ADAPTIMMUNE THERAPEUTICS PLC

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGE IN EQUITY

(In thousands, except share data)


						Accumulated
						other
						comprehensive				Total
	Common	Common		Additional		(loss)		Accumulated		stockholders’
	stock	stock		paid in capital		income		deficit		equity
Balance as of January 1, 2024	1,363,008,102	$	1,865	$	1,064,569	$	(3,748)	$	(1,023,173)	$	39,513

Net loss							—		(48,503)		(48,503)
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		1,028		—		1,028
Issuance of shares upon exercise of stock options	6,297,720		8		66		—		—		74
Issue of shares under At The Market sales agreement, net of commission and expenses	163,669,056		208		28,953		—		—		29,161
Share-based compensation expense	—		—		3,102		—		—		3,102
Balance as of March 31, 2024	1,532,974,878	$	2,081	$	1,096,690	$	(2,720)	$	(1,071,676)	$	24,375

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ADAPTIMMUNE THERAPEUTICS PLC

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)


	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2025		2024
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(47,584)	$	(48,503)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation		2,291		2,771
Amortization		175		59
Share-based compensation expense		669		3,102
Unrealized foreign exchange (gains)/losses		(396)		305
Accretion of available-for-sale debt securities		(431)		(23)
Other		33		(19)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
(Increase)/decrease in receivables and other operating assets		(1,582)		15,620
Increase in inventories		(4,426)		—
Decrease in payables and other current liabilities		(13,011)		(7,650)
Decrease in noncurrent assets		281		—
Increase in borrowings and other non-current liabilities		606		—
(Decrease)/increase in deferred revenue		(3,217)		2,388
Net cash used in operating activities		(66,592)		(31,950)

Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment		(1,203)		(102)
Acquisition of intangible assets		—		(256)
Maturity, redemption or sale of marketable securities		58,440		—
Investment in marketable securities		(16,090)		—
Other		7		—
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities		41,154		(358)

Cash flows from financing activities
Repayment of borrowings		(25,451)		—
Proceeds from issuance of common stock from offerings, net of commissions and issuance costs		122		29,161
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		9		74
Net cash (used in)/provided by financing activities		(25,320)		29,235

Effect of currency exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		556		(416)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(50,202)		(3,489)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at start of period		93,206		147,017
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	43,004	$	143,528

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ADAPTIMMUNE THERAPEUTICS PLC

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 — General

Adaptimmune Therapeutics plc is registered in England and Wales. Its registered office is 60 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4RX, United Kingdom (“U.K”). Adaptimmune Therapeutics plc and its subsidiaries (collectively “Adaptimmune” or the “Company”) is a commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company primarily focused on the treatment of solid tumor cancers with cell therapies. The Company’s proprietary platform enables it to identify cancer targets, find and develop cell therapy candidates active against those targets and produce therapeutic candidates for administration to patients.

The Company is subject to a number of risks similar to other biopharmaceutical companies in the early commercial and clinical development stages including, but not limited to, the need to obtain adequate additional funding, possible failure of preclinical programs or clinical programs, the need to obtain marketing approval for its cell therapies, competitors developing new technological innovations, the need to successfully commercialize and gain market acceptance of its cell therapies, the need to develop a reliable commercial manufacturing process, the need to commercialize any cell therapies that may be approved for marketing, and protection of proprietary technology. If the Company does not successfully commercialize any of its cell therapies, it will be unable to generate product revenue or achieve profitability. Even though the Company has obtained marketing approval for its first cell therapy, TECELRA® (afamitresgene autoleucel) (“TECELRA”), it will take a period of time before any significant revenue is realized and the amount of revenue is heavily dependent on the success of commercialization and the costs of supplies including any post-marketing requirements the Company is subject to. The Company had an accumulated deficit of $1,141,571,000 as of March 31, 2025.

Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Basis of presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements of Adaptimmune Therapeutics plc and its subsidiaries and other financial information included in this Quarterly Report are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and are presented in U.S. dollars. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated on consolidation.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements presented in this Quarterly Report should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024, as presented herein, was derived from audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to those consolidated financial statements.

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted from these interim financial statements. However, these interim financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to fairly state the results of the interim period. The interim results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year.

(b) Use of estimates in interim financial statements

The preparation of interim financial statements, in conformity with U.S. GAAP and SEC regulations, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the interim financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates and assumptions are made in various areas, including in relation to valuation allowances relating to deferred tax assets, revenue recognition, the fair value of assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and estimation of the incremental borrowing rate for operating leases. If actual results differ from the Company’s estimates, or to the extent these estimates are adjusted in future periods, the Company’s results of operations could either benefit from, or be adversely affected by, any such change in estimate.

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(c) Going concern

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 205-40, Going Concern, the Company has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued.

The Company has identified conditions and events that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are primarily used in its operating activities. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $59.6 million and used $66.6 million cash in operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2025. The Company expects negative cash flows from operations to continue, for at least the next twelve months, as the ramp up of its commercialization of TECELRA continues.

Based on the Company’s current cash and cash equivalents, anticipated cash outflows for operating and financing activities and likely cash inflows from customers, Management does not believe that the Company’s existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund its operating activities (including in relation to its obligations arising under the Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”), with several banks and other financial institutions or entities and Hercules Capital, Inc. (“Hercules Capital”) entered into on May 14, 2024) for at least the next 12 months from the filing date of this Quarterly Report. As detailed further in Note 13 and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company is also subject to certain financial covenants under the Loan Agreement, including the maintenance of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities to certain levels. If the Company’s cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities fall below certain levels specified in the Hercules Capital Loan Agreement, this would result in a breach of the Company’s financial covenants. If the covenants with Hercules Capital are breached, then Hercules Capital may call in some or all of the outstanding principal (together with early repayment charge). The Company may have insufficient funds to repay the required amounts at the time that the amount becomes due despite having pre-paid $25 million of existing loan under the Loan Agreement.

The Company intends to attempt to mitigate the conditions that give rise to substantial doubt over going concern through a combination of different activities. First the Company is taking immediate steps to reduce its operating costs. These steps include the deprioritization of the PRAME and ADP-520 programs and stopping or deferment of all non-essential operating expenses. Such steps will have a short-term impact on operating expenses and also a longer-term impact on the amount of funding required for activities in the medium term. Despite these steps, further sources of funding will still need to be identified and we are actively looking at a variety of strategic opportunities. The Company has engaged TD Securities (USA) LLC (“TD Cowen”) to evaluate strategic options for the Company and all of its programs. These strategic options could include potential mergers with third parties or acquisitions of part or all of the business together with other collaborations or partnerships.

As detailed in Note 16, on November 13, 2024, the Company announced a restructuring program to deprioritize certain programs and reduce headcount, in order to reduce operating costs. Although these measures will reduce the Company’s operating costs in the long term, they will not alleviate the conditions that give rise to the substantial doubt over going concern and the Company must acquire additional funding. Whilst the Company has had a successful record of financing the company through various means since its inception, including raising over $1.4 billion through a combination of equity and business development activities, there is no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain sufficient additional capital to continue funding its operations or, if the Company does, that it will be on terms that are favorable to its shareholders.

If the Company fails to obtain additional funding, it will be required to do some or all of the following:

●

further reduce operations of the business. Any such reduction could significantly delay the timelines under which we can bring new products to the market (including lete-cel) or our ability to commercialize TECELRA;

●

conduct a further restructuring of the company to further reduce headcount and expenditure which will in turn reduce the activities and operations of the business;

●

repay the remaining loan advance received under the Loan Agreement in accordance with the terms of the Loan Agreement (including any applicable repayment charges, end of term charges or other costs);

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●

seek an acquirer or alternative party for a merger for all or part of the business or its assets on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available; or

●

relinquish or license on unfavorable terms or rights to technologies, intellectual property or product candidates we would otherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves.

If the Company fails to obtain additional funding, or in the event that the Company further significantly reduces its ongoing expenditures and operations (including the current restructuring), this may result in an inability to retain the key individuals required for its ongoing business and may result in a need to delay or halt ongoing programs or change the nature and scope of such programs. As a result, our business financial condition and results of operations could be materially affected. Not all of the potential mitigating actions set out above are within the Company’s direct control and may rely on third parties for implementation. The general macro-economic conditions and market and trading environment are also difficult to predict and could adversely affect our ability to put in place mitigating actions. As a result, there is substantial doubt over the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within 12 months from the date of filing of this Quarterly Report and is not alleviated as of the date of filing.

The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the Company not being able to alleviate the substantial doubt over going concern. As such, the consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis that assumes the Company will be able to continue as a going concern and will be able to fund its operations and satisfy its liabilities, obligations and commitments as they fall due within the ordinary course of business.

(d) Fair value measurements

The Company is required to disclose information on all assets and liabilities reported at fair value that enables an assessment of the inputs used in determining the reported fair values. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes valuation inputs based on the observable nature of those inputs. The hierarchy defines three levels of valuation inputs:

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that reflect the Company's own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability

The carrying amounts of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The fair value of marketable securities, which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis is detailed in Note 6, Fair value measurements.

(e) Significant concentrations of credit risk

The Company held cash and cash equivalents of $41,054,000, marketable securities of $18,509,000 and restricted cash of $1,950,000 as of March 31, 2025. The cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are held with multiple banks and the Company monitors the credit rating of those banks. The Company maintains cash balances in excess of amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in the United States (“U.S.”) and the U.K. Government Financial Services Compensation Scheme in the U.K. The Company’s investment policy limits investments to certain types of instruments, such as money market instruments, corporate debt securities and commercial paper, places restrictions on maturities and concentration by type and issuer and specifies the minimum credit ratings for all investments and the average credit quality of the portfolio.

The Company made sales of TECELRA to commercial customers and had two development revenue-generating customers during the three months ended March 31, 2025 which are Galapagos NV (“Galapagos”), and GSK. There were accounts receivable of $4,382,000 as of March 31, 2025 and $1,454,000 as of December 31, 2024. The Company has been transacting with Galapagos since 2024 and GSK since 2014 and has been selling products commercially since November 2024, during which time no credit losses have been recognized. As of March 31, 2025, the allowance for expected credit losses was not significant on the basis that the possibility of credit losses arising on its receivables as of March 31, 2025 is considered to be remote.

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Management analyzes current and past due accounts and determines if an allowance for credit losses is required based on collection experience, credit worthiness of customers and other relevant information. The process of estimating the uncollectible accounts involves assumptions and judgments and the ultimate amounts of uncollectible accounts receivable could be in excess of the amounts provided.

(f) New accounting pronouncements

Adopted in the current period

Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 – Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which improves income tax disclosures primarily relating to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. This includes a tabular reconciliation using both percentages and reporting currency amounts, covering various tax and reconciling items, and disaggregated summaries of income taxes paid during the period. For public business entities, the guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company intends to adopt the guidance in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the guidance on its Consolidated financial statements.

To be adopted in future periods

Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Disaggregation of Income Statement Expense, which improves disclosure around the nature of expenses included in the income statement. The improvements require entities to disaggregate and disclose the amounts of certain types of expenses included in certain expense captions. For public business entities, the guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, with early adoption permitted. The Company intends to adopt the guidance in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the guidance on its Consolidated financial statements.

Note 3 — Revenue

The Company generates product revenue from sales of TECELRA.

The Company generates development revenue from collaboration agreements with customers. The Company had two development revenue-generating contracts with customers in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively: a termination and transfer agreement with GSK that was entered into on April 6, 2023 (the “Termination and Transfer Agreement”), a collaboration and license agreement with Galapagos executed on May 30, 2024 (the “Galapagos Collaboration Agreement”). The collaboration agreement with Genentech was terminated in April 2024 and the termination became effective on September 23, 2024.

Revenue comprises the following categories (in thousands):


	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2025		2024

Product revenue, net	$	4,048	$	—
Development revenue		3,237		5,678
	$	7,285	$	5,678

Deferred revenue increased by $312,000 from $108,111,000 at December 31, 2024 to $108,423,000 at March 31, 2025 due to revenue recognized during the period of $3,217,000 that was included in deferred revenue at December 31, 2024 and a $3,547,000

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increase caused by the change in the exchange rate between pound sterling and the U.S. dollar from £1.00 to $1.25 at December 31, 2024 to £1.00 to $1.30 at March 31, 2025.

The aggregate amount of the transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially satisfied under the agreements as of March 31, 2025 was $121,973,000.

3.1. Product Revenue

The Company received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approval on August 1, 2024, for TECELRA for the treatment of advanced MAGE-A4+ synovial sarcoma in adults with certain HLA types who have received prior chemotherapy. There are 20 Authorized Treatment Centers (“ATCs”) available to initiate the treatment journey for the patients and ten patients have been apheresed. Product revenue represents sales of TECELRA which is derived from four ATCs during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

3.2. Development revenue

The Galapagos Collaboration and Exclusive License Agreement

On May 30, 2024, the Company entered into the Galapagos Collaboration Agreement, a clinical collaboration agreement with Galapagos. The Galapagos Collaboration Agreement includes an option for Galapagos to exclusively license the TCR T-cell therapy candidate uza-celuzatresgene autoleucel (“uza-cel”), manufactured on Galapagos’ decentralized manufacturing platform, in head and neck cancer and potential future solid tumor indications. Under the Galapagos Collaboration Agreement, we will conduct a clinical proof-of-concept trial (the “POC Trial”) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of uza-cel produced on Galapagos’ decentralized manufacturing platform in patients with head and neck cancer.

Under the terms of the Galapagos Collaboration Agreement, the Company will receive initial payments of $100 million, comprising $70 million upfront and $30 million of research and development funding of which $15 million is due upfront and $15 million is due once the first patient is infused in the POC Trial. In addition, there are option exercise fees of up to $100 million (the amount depending on the number of indications in relation to which the option is exercised), additional development and sales milestone payments of up to a maximum of $465 million, plus tiered royalties on net sales. The $70 million upfront payment and $15 million of upfront research and development funding was received by the Company in June 2024.

The Company determined that Galapagos is a customer and has accounted for the Galapagos Collaboration Agreement under ASC 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company has identified a performance obligation relating to the various activities required to complete the POC trial and a material right associated with the exclusive license option.

The aggregate transaction price at inception of the Galapagos Collaboration Agreement was $100,000,000 comprising the $70,000,000 upfront payment and the $30,000,000 research and development funding. The fees for the exclusive license option exercise and development milestone payments are not considered probable as of March 31, 2025 and have not been included in the transaction price. The sales milestones and royalties for future sales of therapies have not been included within the transaction price as of March 31, 2025 because they are sales-based and would be recognized when the subsequent sales occur.

The aggregate transaction price is allocated to the performance obligations depending on the relative standalone selling price of the performance obligations. In determining the best estimate of the relative standalone selling price, the Company considered the internal pricing objectives it used in negotiating the contract, together with internal data regarding the expected costs and a standard margin on those costs, for completing the POC Trial. The residual approach was used to value the material right associated with the exclusive license option as the Company has not previously sold uza-cel on a standalone basis and has not established a price for uza-cel.

The Company expects to satisfy the POC Trial obligation over time over the period that the trial is completed, based on an estimate of the percentage of completion of the trial determined based on the costs incurred on the trial as a percentage of the total expected costs. The revenue allocated to the material right associated with the exclusive licence option will be recognized from the point that the option is either exercised and control of the license has passed to Galapagos or the option lapses.

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The amount of the transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially satisfied under the agreement as of March 31, 2025 was $98,965,000, of which $43,365,000 is allocated to the POC Trial performance obligation and $55,600,000 is allocated to the material right for the exclusive option.

The Genentech Collaboration and License Agreement

On April 12, 2024 the Company announced the termination of the collaboration agreement entered into by Adaptimmune Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, with Genentech on September 3, 2021 (the “Genentech Collaboration Agreement”), in relation to the research, development and commercialization of cancer targeted allogeneic T-cell therapies which was originally scheduled to be effective from October 7, 2024. The termination was accounted for as a contract modification on a cumulative catch-up basis. The termination did not change the nature of the performance obligations identified but resulted in a reduction in the transaction price as the additional payments and variable consideration that would have been due in periods after October 7, 2024 will now never be received.

The Company originally expected to satisfy the performance obligations relating to the initial ‘off-the-shelf’ collaboration targets and the personalized therapies as development progressed and recognized revenue based on an estimate of the percentage of completion of the project determined based on the costs incurred on the project as a percentage of the total expected costs. The Company expected to satisfy the performance obligations relating to the material rights to designate additional ‘off-the-shelf’ collaboration targets from the point that the options would have been exercised and then as development progressed, in line with the initial ‘off-the-shelf’ collaboration targets, or at the point in time that the rights expired. The Company expected to satisfy the performance obligations relating to the material rights to extend the research term from the point that the options would have been exercised and then over the period of the extension, or at the point in time that the rights expired.

The aggregate remaining transaction price that had not yet been recognized as revenue as of the date of the termination was $146,301,000 which included the remaining deferred revenue that had not been recognized as revenue as of the date of the modification and the variable consideration to be billed under the collaboration until the effective date of the termination that is still considered probable. The termination resulted in a cumulative catch-up adjustment to revenue at the date of the termination of $101,348,000 and a further $20,741,000 of revenue recognized in the second quarter of 2024.

On September 23, 2024, the Adaptimmune Limited entered into a Mutual Release and Resolution Agreement (the “Mutual Release Agreement”) with Genentech. The Mutual Release Agreement, among other things, resolved and released each party from any and all past, present and future disputes, claims, demands and causes of action, whether known or unknown, related to the Genentech Collaboration Agreement in any way. Under the terms of the Mutual Release Agreement, Genentech will pay the Company $12.5 million upon which the Genentech Collaboration Agreement will be terminated. The Agreement was effective immediately as of September 23, 2024.

The Mutual Release Agreement resulted in all remaining performance obligations being fully satisfied and the remaining deferred revenue of $25,298,000 and the additional payment of $12,500,000 were both recognized as total revenue of $37,798,000 in the third quarter of 2024.

The GSK Termination and Transfer Agreement

On April 6, 2023, the Company and GSK entered into the Termination and Transfer Agreement, regarding the return of rights and materials comprised within the PRAME and NY-ESO cell therapy programs. The parties will work collaboratively to ensure continuity for patients in ongoing lete-cel clinical trials forming part of the NY-ESO cell therapy program.

As part of the Termination and Transfer Agreement, sponsorship and responsibility for the ongoing IGNYTE and long-term follow-up (“LTFU”) trials relating to the NY-ESO cell therapy program will transfer to the Company. In return for this, the Company received an upfront payment of £7.5 million in June 2023, following the signing of the agreement, and milestone payments of £3 million, £12 million, £6 million and £1.5 million in September and December 2023 and June and August 2024, respectively. No further payments are due from GSK under the Termination and Transfer Agreement.

The Company determined that GSK is a customer and has accounted for the Termination and Transfer Agreement under ASC 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Termination and Transfer Agreement is accounted for as a separate contract from the

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original Collaboration and License Agreement with GSK. The Termination and Transfer Agreement was terminated in October 2022 and the termination became effective on December 23, 2022. The Company has identified the following performance obligations under the Termination and Transfer Agreement: (i) to take over sponsorship for the IGNYTE trial and (ii) to take over sponsorship for the LTFU trial.

The aggregate transaction price at inception of the agreement was $37,335,000 comprising the total £30,000,000 upfront and milestone payments. No value was ascribed to non-cash consideration and there was no variable consideration identified. The aggregate transaction price is allocated to the performance obligations depending on the relative standalone selling price of the performance obligations. In determining the best estimate of the relative standalone selling price, the Company considered the internal pricing objectives it used in negotiating the contract, together with internal data regarding the expected costs and a standard margin on those costs, for completing the trials. The amount of the transaction price allocated to the performance obligation is recognized as or when the Company satisfies the performance obligation.

The Company expects to satisfy the performance obligations over time from the point that sponsorship of the active trials that make up the trial transfers and then over the period that the trial is completed, based on the number of patients transferred and still actively enrolled to date on the trial at a given period-end relative to the total estimated periods of active patient enrollment over the estimated duration of the trial.

The Company considers that this depicts the progress of the completion of the trials under the Termination and Transfer Agreement, as the status of patients on the trial is not directly affected by decisions that the Company might make relating to its own development of the NY-ESO cell therapy program.

The amount of the transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially satisfied under the agreement as of March 31, 2025 was $23,007,000, of which $7,778,000 is allocated to the IGNYTE performance obligation and $15,229,000 is allocated to the LTFU performance obligation.

Note 4 — Loss per share

The following tables reconcile the numerator and denominator in the basic and diluted loss per share computation (in thousands):


	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2025		2024
Numerator for basic and diluted loss per share
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders	$	(47,584)	$	(48,503)
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders used for basic and diluted loss per share	$	(47,584)	$	(48,503)


	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2025	2024
Denominator for basic and diluted loss per share - Weighted average shares outstanding	1,542,159,622	1,451,241,661

The dilutive effect of 277,952,929 and 249,957,127 stock options outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 respectively, have been excluded from the diluted loss per share calculation because they would have an antidilutive effect on the loss per share for the period.

Note 5 — Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income

The Company reports foreign currency translation adjustments and the foreign exchange gain or losses arising on the revaluation of intercompany loans of a long-term investment nature within Other comprehensive (loss) income. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities are also reported within Other comprehensive (loss) income until a gain or loss is realized, at which point they are reclassified to Other (expense) income, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

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The following tables show the changes in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (in thousands):


	Accumulated		Accumulated			Total
	foreign		unrealized			accumulated
	currency		(losses) gains on			other
	translation		available-for-sale			comprehensive
	adjustments		debt securities			(loss) income

Balance at January 1, 2025	$	(1,919)	$	17	$	(1,902)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(28,193)		—		(28,193)
Foreign currency gains on intercompany loan of a long-term investment nature, net of tax of $0		25,703		—		25,703
Unrealized holding losses on available-for-sale debt securities, net of tax of $0		—		(20)		(20)
Balance at March 31, 2025	$	(4,409)	$	(3)	$	(4,412)

	Accumulated		Accumulated		Total
	foreign		unrealized		accumulated
	currency		(losses) on		other
	translation		available-for-sale		comprehensive
	adjustments		debt securities		(loss) income

Balance at January 1, 2024	$	(3,754)	$	6		(3,748)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		6,815		—		6,815
Foreign currency losses on intercompany loan of a long-term investment nature, net of tax of $0		(5,782)		—		(5,782)
Unrealized holding losses on available-for-sale debt securities, net of tax of $0		—		(5)		(5)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	(2,721)	$	1	$	(2,720)

Note 6 — Fair value measurements

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis based on Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 fair value measurement criteria as of March 31, 2025 are as follows (in thousands):


			Fair value measurements using
	March 31,		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	2025
Assets classified as cash equivalents:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	6,988	$	—	$	6,988	$	—
Corporate debt securities		2,205		2,205		—		—
	$	9,193	$	2,205	$	6,988	$	—

Assets classified as available-for-sale debt securities:
Corporate debt securities		6,580		6,580		—		—
U.S. Treasury securities		11,929		—		11,929		—
	$	18,509	$	6,580	$	11,929	$	—

The Company estimates the fair value of available-for-sale debt securities with the aid of a third party valuation service, which uses actual trade and indicative prices sourced from third-party providers on a daily basis to estimate the fair value. If observed market prices are not available (for example securities with short maturities and infrequent secondary market trades), the securities are priced using a valuation model maximizing observable inputs, including market interest rates.

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Note 7 — Marketable securities – available-for-sale debt securities

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had the following investments in marketable securities (in thousands):


				Gross		Gross		Aggregate
	Remaining	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		estimated
	contractual maturity	cost		gains		losses		fair value
Cash equivalents:
U.S. Treasury securities	Less than 3 months	$	6,988	$	—	$	—	$	6,988
Corporate debt securities	Less than 3 months		2,205		—		—		2,205
		$	9,193	$	—	$	—	$	9,193

Available-for-sale debt securities:
Corporate debt securities	Less than 3 months		6,582		—		(2)		6,580
U.S. Treasury securities	Less than 3 months		11,930		—		(1)		11,929
		$	18,512	$	—	$	(3)	$	18,509

The aggregate fair value (in thousands) and number of securities held by the Company (including those classified as cash equivalents) in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows:

The aggregate fair value (in thousands) and number of securities held by the Company (including those classified as cash equivalents) in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows:

	March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
	Fair market value of investments in an unrealized loss position		Number of investments in an unrealized loss position		Unrealized losses		Fair market value of investments in an unrealized loss position		Number of investments in an unrealized loss position		Unrealized losses
Marketable securities in a continuous loss position for less than 12 months:
Corporate debt securities	$	7,263		3	$	(2)	$	4,679		2	$	(3)
U.S. Treasury securities		18,918		6		(1)		—		—		—
	$	26,181		9	$	(3)	$	4,679		2	$	(3)

As of March 31, 2025, no allowance for expected credit losses has been recognized in relation to the securities in an unrealized loss position. This is because the unrealized losses are not severe and do not represent a significant proportion of the total fair market value of the investments and the security has an investment-grade credit rating.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company sold investments in marketable securities with a principal of $4,940,000 (based on the specific identification method) for proceeds of $4,940,000.

Note 8 — Other current assets

Other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):


	March 31,		December 31,
	2025		2024
Research and development credits receivable	$	14,693	$	12,929
Prepayments		7,475		10,033
Clinical materials		—		59
VAT receivable		1,777		1,599
Other current assets		3,349		3,170
	$	27,294	$	27,790

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Research and development credits receivable as of March 31, 2025 primarily relate to the claim for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Note 9 — Operating leases

The Company has operating leases in relation to property for office, manufacturing and research facilities.

The following table shows the lease costs for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 and the weighted-average remaining lease term and the weighted-average discount rate as at March 31, 2025 and 2024:

The following table shows the lease costs for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 and the weighted-average remaining lease term and the weighted-average discount rate as at March 31, 2025 and 2024:
	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2025		2024
Lease cost:
Operating lease cost	$	1,627	$	1,682
Short-term lease cost		11		59
	$	1,638	$	1,741

	March 31,
	2025		2024

Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases	6.1 years		5.3 years
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases	10.4%		8.0%

The maturities of operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2025 are as follows (in thousands):


	Operating leases

2025	$	5,227
2026		4,633
2027		4,263
2028		4,315
2029		4,367
after 2029		7,753
Total lease payments		30,558
Less: Imputed interest		(7,263)
Present value of lease liability	$	23,295

The maximum lease term without activation of termination options is to 2041.

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Note 10 — Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	March 31,		December 31,
	2025		2024
Accrued clinical and development expenditure	$	11,344	$	11,931
Accrued commercial expenses and provisions		532		218
Accrued employee expenses		5,461		13,529
Other accrued expenditure		4,878		5,221
Other		2,648		2,020
	$	24,863	$	32,919

Note 11 — Share-based compensation

The following table shows the total share-based compensation expense included in the unaudited consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):


		Three months ended
		March 31,
	2025		2024
Research and development	$	(132)	$	813
Selling, general and administrative		801		2,289
	$	669	$	3,102

The following table shows information about share options and options which have a nominal exercise price (similar to restricted stock units (RSUs)) granted:


		Three months ended
		March 31,
	2025		2024
Number of options over ordinary shares granted		24,711,600		37,097,688
Weighted average fair value of ordinary shares options	$	0.07	$	0.12
Number of additional options with a nominal exercise price granted		24,944,376		26,984,352
Weighted average fair value of options with a nominal exercise price	$	0.10	$	0.14

Note 12 — Stockholders’ equity

On April 8, 2022 the Company entered into a sales agreement with TD Cowen (the “Sales Agreement”), as amended pursuant to amendment no. 1 to Sales Agreement dated April 18, 2025 (together the “Agreement”), under which we may from time to time issue and sell American Depositary Shares (ADSs) representing our ordinary shares through TD Cowen in “at-the-market” offerings (“ATM”) for an aggregate offering price of up to $200 million. In the three months ended March 31, 2025 the Company sold 1,327,027 ADSs under the Agreement representing 7,962,162 ordinary shares (including 710,000 ADSs sold on March 31, 2025 representing 4,260,000 ordinary shares issued on April 1, 2025) resulting in net proceeds to the Company of $259,477 after deducting commissions payable under the Agreement and issuance costs. As of March 31, 2025, approximately $155,952,137 remained available for sale under the Agreement.

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Note 13 – Borrowings

On May 14, 2024 (the “Closing Date”), we entered the “Loan Agreement for a term loan facility of up to $125.0 million (the “Term Loan”), consisting of a term loan advance in the aggregate principal amount equal to $25.0 million on the Closing Date (the “Tranche 1 Advance”), and three further term loan advances available to the Company subject to certain terms and conditions in aggregate principal amounts of $25.0 million, $5.0 million and $30.0 million, respectively, and a term loan advance available in the sole discretion of the lenders and subject to certain terms and conditions in the aggregate principal amount of $40.0 million. The proceeds of the Term Loan will be used solely to repay related fees and expenses in connection with the Loan Agreement and for working capital and general corporate purposes.

The Term Loan attracts interest on the outstanding principal in the form of both cash and payment-in-kind (“PIK”) interest. The cash interest rate is the greater of the Prime Rate plus 1.15% and 9.65% and is paid monthly in arrears. The PIK interest rate is 2% per annum. The outstanding principal used to determine both the cash and PIK interest is inclusive of capitalized PIK interest. The Term Loan also attracts an End of Term Charge of 5.85% payable on maturity which is based on the aggregate original principal amount (i.e. excluding capitalized PIK interest).

The Term Loan matures on June 1, 2029 and payments are interest-only until the June 1, 2027 (the “Amortization Date”) after which the monthly payments include repayments of both principal and interest. The Amortization Date can be extended if certain criteria are met and the Company chooses to extend the date. The final Term Loan Maturity Date cannot be extended.

The Term Loan is secured by a lien on substantially all of Borrower’s existing or after-acquired assets, including intellectual property, subject to customary exceptions. In addition, the Loan Agreement contains customary closing and commitment fees, prepayment fees and provisions, events of default and representations, warranties and affirmative and negative covenants, including a financial covenant requiring the Company to maintain certain levels of cash in accounts subject to a control agreement in favor of Hercules Capital (the “Qualified Cash”) during the period commencing on January 1, 2025 (which initial commencement date is subject to adjustment if certain performance milestones are met) and at all times thereafter, provided that if the Company has achieved certain performance milestones, the amount of Qualified Cash is subject to certain reductions. The Loan Agreement also includes customary events of default, including payment defaults, breaches of covenants following any applicable cure period, the occurrence of certain events that could reasonably be expected to have a “material adverse effect” as set forth in the Loan Agreement, cross acceleration to third-party indebtedness and certain events relating to bankruptcy or insolvency.

Each loan tranche has been identified as a separate unit of account within the scope of ASC 835-30 Imputation of interest, with the Tranche 1 Advance constituting a debt instrument and the remaining tranches being loan commitments.

On May 14, 2024, the Company drew down the Tranche 1 Advance of $25,000,000 and received proceeds of $24,500,000 after charges payable to Hercules Capital. The Tranche 1 Advance was initially recognized at $24,750,000. On August 13, 2024, the Company drew down the Tranche 2 Advance of $25,000,000 (the “Tranche 2 Advance,” and, together with the Tranche 1 Advance, the “Tranches” and each a “Tranche”) and received proceeds of $25,000,000. The Tranche 2 Advance was initially recognized at $24,750,000.

On March 24, 2025, Company entered into an amendment to the Loan Agreement to pre-pay $25.0 million of the loan amount with the accrued interest up to the date of such pre-payment. The Company will pay an end of term charge on such pre-paid amount of 5.85% as previously provided in the Loan Agreement, such end of term charge being payable upon maturity or repayment of all obligations under the Loan Agreement. The Company made a $25.4 million pre-payment on March 26, 2025.

The pre-payment was treated as a modification of the Term Loan. The terms of the modified Term Loan are not substantially different to the terms of the original Term Loan, therefore the Term Loan continued to be recognized and a new effective interest rate was calculated based on the carrying amount of the original Term Loan immediately before the modification and the revised future cash flows. As a result of the pre-payment, a loss of $220,000 was recognized relating to the portion of the unamortized discount that was deemed to have been disposed of.

At March 31, 2025 the face value of the outstanding principal (including capitalized PIK interest) on the Term Loan was $25,323,000, less unamortized discount of $226,000 and plus accreted value of the End of Term Charge of $315,000 based on the imputed interest rate of 14.8%. No qualifying debt issuance costs were incurred in relation to either Tranche.

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At March 31, 2025, the fair value of the Term Loan was $26,070,000. The fair value of the Term Loan is a Level 2 measurement based on observable inputs including the contractual term of the instrument and market interest rates, notably the Prime Rate.

The aggregate maturity of the term loan for the next five years from March 31, 2025 is as follows:


	Maturity
2025	$	—
2026		—
2027		6,388
2028		11,808
2029		8,872
Total principal repayments	$	27,068

Composition of principal repayments
Original principal	$	25,000
Capitalized PIK interest		2,068
Total principal repayments	$	27,068

The payments included in the table include capitalized PIK interest, as this forms part of the principal balance to be repaid once incurred. Payments relating to cash interest and the End of Term Charge are excluded as they do not constitute repayments of the principal.

Note 14 – Segment reporting

The Company has one reportable segment relating to the research, development and commercialization of its novel cell therapies. The segment derives its current revenues from research and development collaborations.

The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (the “CODM”), its Chief Executive Officer and the senior leadership team (comprising the Executive Team members and three senior vice presidents), manages the Company’s operations on an integrated basis for the purposes of allocating resources. When evaluating the Company’s financial performance, the CODM regularly reviews total revenues, total expenses and expenses by function and the CODM makes decisions using this information on a global basis.

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The table below is a summary of the segment profit or loss, including significant segment expenses (in thousands):


	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2025		2024
Revenue	$	7,285	$	5,678
Less:
Cost of goods sold		(879)		—
Research		(2,108)		(3,800)
CMC and Quality		(12,085)		(14,200)
Biomarkers		(1,222)		(2,500)
Development and Compliance		(10,550)		(12,600)
Infrastructure management and Facilities		(7,339)		(7,700)
Commercial and Commercial planning		(4,398)		(2,600)
Support and corporate functions		(12,639)		(9,000)
Other segment expenses^(a)		(1,798)		(2,539)
Total operating expenses		(53,018)		(54,939)
Operating loss		(45,733)		(49,261)

Interest income		910		1,345
Interest expense		(1,881)		—
Other income (expense), net		(305)		(61)
Income tax expense		(575)		(526)
Segment and consolidated net loss	$	(47,584)	$	(48,503)

^(a)Other segment expenses includes reimbursements receivable for research and development tax and expenditure credits of $1,238,000 (2024: $3,499,000), depreciation of $2,291,000 (2024: $2,771,000), amortization of $175,000 (2024: $59,000) and share-based compensation expenses (see Note 11), respectively.

Note 15 – Inventories

On August 1, 2024, the Company received FDA approval for TECELRA for the treatment of advanced MAGE-A4+ synovial sarcoma in adults with certain HLA types who have received prior chemotherapy, and commenced capitalization of inventory from this date.

Prior to August 1, 2024, regulatory approval and subsequent commercialization of TECELRA, and thus the possibility of future economic benefits from TECELRA sales, were not considered probable and inventory-related costs were expensed as incurred; as such, the inventory recognized on the balance sheet does not included any pre-launch inventory. At March 31, 2025, the gross value of pre-launch inventory held but not recognized was $5,819,000, which includes inventory that could be used for either clinical or commercial purposes.

The components of inventory are as follows:


	March 31,		December 31,
	2025		2024
Raw materials	$	11,382	$	7,236
Work-in-progress		133		84
Finished goods		244		—
Total inventory, net	$	11,759	$	7,320

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Note 16 – Contingencies & Provisions

MD Anderson Litigation

On December 2, 2024, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (“MD Anderson”) served litigation in the District Court of Harris County against Adaptimmune LLC relating to the strategic alliance entered into on September 26, 2016. MD Anderson claims damages of over $21 million (excluding legal fees and costs of court) caused by Adaptimmune’s breach of contract. Alternatively, MD Anderson brings an action for quantum meruit, promissory estoppel, unjust enrichment, negligent misrepresentation and reformation. The Company provided its Original Answer, Affirmative Defenses, Special Exceptions and Counterclaims on January 22, 2025 denying all allegations of the MD Anderson petition and counterclaiming for breach of contract. MD Anderson filed a motion to dismiss the Company’s counterclaim, Special Exceptions and Original Answer to the counterclaim denying all allegations in the counterclaim on February 11, 2025. This motion was dismissed in its entirety on March 26, 2025. The parties have agreed to mediation of the dispute and mediation is due during May 2025.

The case has not yet proceeded to discovery stage and the Company does not believe there is any merit to the claims being brought by MD Anderson. As such, no provision for a loss contingency has been made as of March 31, 2025.

2024-2025 Restructuring program

Reduction in workforce

On November 13, 2024 the Company announced a restructuring plan that aims to prioritize its commercial sarcoma franchise and certain research and development programs. As part of this restructuring, the Company is executing against a plan to achieve an approximately 33% reduction in workforce. The majority of the reduction in workforce was completed during the first quarter of 2025.

The redundancy process was initiated in the fourth quarter of 2024, with most employees leaving in the first quarter of 2025. Employees in certain roles will be retained during a transition period beyond the first quarter of 2025. Once the redundancy program is completed, it will result in a reduction of approximately 29% of global headcount.

The redundancy packages to be paid to departing staff comprise a combination of contractual termination benefits, relating to payments that arise from terms of employment contracts and statutory redundancy pay, and one-time employee termination benefits that were provided or enhanced specifically for this redundancy process. Due to the structure of the redundancy scheme and the different employment regulations affecting the Company’s U.K. and U.S. employees, some of the expense associated with the one-time employee termination benefits was recognized over the remaining period of employee service to be rendered. Contractual termination benefits and other one-time employee termination benefits were expensed and recognized in the year ended December 31, 2024. All expenses have been recognized in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Statement of Operations.

The amounts expected to be incurred in relation to the redundancy program were as follows:



		Contractual termination benefits		One-time employee termination benefits		Total restructuring cost
Cumulative amount incurred to, December 31, 2024	$	4,102	$	1,809	$	5,911
Amount incurred in three months ended March 31,2025		263		1,399		1,662
Remaining amount expected to be incurred in future periods		—		573		573
Total amount expected to be incurred	$	4,365	$	3,781	$	8,146

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The table below is a summary of the changes in the restructuring provision in the consolidated balance sheets in the three months ended March 31, 2025:



		Contractual termination benefits		One-time employee termination benefits		Total restructuring provision

Liability at December 31, 2024	$	4,102	$	1,809	$	5,911
Costs incurred and charged to selling, general and administrative expenses		271		1,267		1,538
Adjustment to liability		(8)		132		124
Amounts utilised during the period		(2,233)		(1,989)		(4,222)
Effects of foreign exchange rates		57		29		86
Liability at March 31, 2025	$	2,189	$	1,248	$	3,437

Note 17 – Subsequent events

None.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K that was filed with the SEC on March 24, 2025. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, including those factors set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of this Quarterly Report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, our actual results could differ materially from the results described in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company working to redefine the treatment of solid tumor cancers with cell therapies. With the approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) of our first biologics license application (“BLA”) for TECELRA® (afamitresgene autoleucel) (“TECELRA”), which is the first engineered T-cell therapy for the treatment of a solid tumor cancer approved in the U.S., we are now focused on its launch and commercialization.

TECELRA is a genetically modified autologous T-cell immunotherapy indicated for the treatment of adults with unresectable or metastatic synovial sarcoma who have received prior chemotherapy, are HLA-A*02:01P, -A*02:02P, -A*02:03P, or -A*02:06P positive and whose tumor expresses the MAGE-A4 antigen as determined by FDA-approved or cleared companion diagnostic devices. This indication is approved under the FDA’s accelerated approval based on overall response rate (“ORR”) and duration of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefits in a confirmatory trial.

We are planning commercial launch for our second T-cell immunotherapy, letetresgene autoleucel (“lete-cel”), for people with synovial sarcoma and myxoid liposarcoma in 2026. In addition to our commercial sarcoma franchise we remain committed to our collaboration with Galapagos which uses our uzatresgene autoleucel (“uza-cel”) candidate manufactured using the Galapagos manufacturing process. A clinical trial authorization to start a Phase 1 trial in head and neck cancer is planned for later in 2025.

We are currently in the process of evaluating strategic options for the Company.

TECELRA and Commercialization

We are focused on the commercialization of TECELRA for the treatment of advanced synovial sarcoma and for which we received FDA approval on August 1, 2024. As of May 13, 2025, 28 Authorized Treatment Centers (“ATCs”) are available to initiate the treatment journey for our patients. During the first quarter of 2025 13 patients were apheresed and another 8 patients have been apheresed in the second quarter to date. We invoiced for 6 patients in the first quarter of 2025 and for 8 further patients to date in the second quarter of 2025. We are confident that our full network of approximately 30 ATCs will be active by the end of 2025, covering an estimated 80% of patients treated in sarcoma centers of excellence.

Letetresgene autoleucel (“lete-cel”)

Lete-cel targets the NY-ESO antigen and has been in clinical trials (the IGNYTE-ESO trial) for people with synovial sarcoma and myxoid liposarcoma. It is the second product in our sarcoma franchise. Final data for the IGNYTE-ESO trial were reported at the Connective Tissue Oncology Society Annual Meeting (“CTOS”) in November 2024. In January 2025, lete-cel was granted breakthrough therapy designation by the U.S. FDA for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic myxoid liposarcoma who have received prior anthracycline-based chemotherapy, are positive for HLA-A*02:01, HLA-A*02:05, or HLA-A*02:06, and whose tumor expresses the NY-ESO-1 antigen.

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Corporate News

In addition to the restructuring announced in November 2024, in March 2025 we announced implementation of additional cost reduction for the PRAME and CD70 programs. We also announced that we are currently evaluating all strategic options for the Company and its programs and this evaluation continues.

On March 24, 2025 we entered into an amendment to the Loan Agreement (the “Amendment”). Under the Amendment we have pre-paid $25 million of the loan amount under the Loan Agreement together with certain accrued interest up to the date of such pre-payment.

Financial Operations Overview

Revenue

The Company generates product revenue from sales of TECELRA.

The Company generates development revenue from collaboration agreements with customers. The Company had two development revenue-generating customers in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively: the Genentech Collaboration Agreement (terminated September 23, 2024), the Galapagos Collaboration Agreement (effective from May 30, 2024) and the GSK Termination and Transfer Agreement (effective from April 11, 2023).

The Genentech Collaboration Agreement

On September 3, 2021, Adaptimmune Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into the Genentech Collaboration Agreement. The collaboration has two components:

development of allogeneic T-cell therapies for up to five shared cancer targets; and

development of personalized allogeneic T-cell therapies utilizing αβ T-cell receptors (TCRs) isolated from a patient, with such therapies being administered to the same patient.

The parties would collaborate to perform a research program, initially during an eight-year period (which may be extended for up to two additional two-year terms at Genentech’s election upon payment of an extension fee for each two-year term), to develop the cell therapies, following which Genentech would determine whether to further develop and commercialize such therapies. The Company received an upfront payment of $150 million in October 2021 and milestone payments of $20 million and $15 million in December 2022 and 2023, respectively.

The Company identified the following performance obligations under the Genentech Collaboration Agreement: (i) research services and rights granted under the licenses for each of the initial “off-the-shelf” collaboration targets, (ii) research services and rights granted under the licenses for the personalized therapies, (iii) material rights relating to the option to designate additional “off-the-shelf” collaboration targets and (iv) material rights relating to the two options to extend the research term. The revenue allocated to the initial “off-the-shelf” collaboration targets and the personalized therapies was recognized as development progressed. The revenue allocated to the material rights to designate additional ‘off-the-shelf’ collaboration targets would have been recognized from the point that the options were exercised and then as development progressed, in line with the initial “off-the-shelf” collaboration targets, or at the point in time that the rights expired. The revenue from the material rights to extend the research term would have been recognized from the point that the options were exercised and then over the period of the extension, or at the point in time that the options expired.

On April 12, 2024, we announced the termination of the Genentech Collaboration Agreement. The termination was accounted for as a contract modification on a cumulative catch-up basis. The termination did not change the nature the performance obligations identified but resulted in a reduction of the transaction price as the additional payments and variable consideration that would have been due in periods after October 7, 2024 will now never be received. The termination resulted in a cumulative catch-up adjustment to revenue recognized at the date of the termination of $101.3 million.

On September 23, 2024, Adaptimmune Limited entered into a Mutual Release Agreement with Genentech. The Mutual Release Agreement, among other things, resolved and released each party from any and all past, present and future disputes, claims, demands and causes of action, whether known or unknown, related to the Genentech Collaboration Agreement in any way. Under the terms of the

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Mutual Release Agreement, Genentech will pay $12.5 million, upon which the Genentech Collaboration Agreement will be terminated. The Mutual Release Agreement was effective immediately as of September 23, 2024. The Mutual Release Agreement resulted in all remaining performance obligations being fully satisfied and the remaining deferred revenue and the additional payment were both recognized as total revenue of $37.8 million in the third quarter of 2024.

The GSK Termination and Transfer Agreement

On April 11, 2023, the Company announced its entry into the Termination and Transfer Agreement with GSK regarding the return to the Company of rights and materials comprised within the PRAME and NY-ESO cell therapy programs. The parties will work collaboratively to ensure continuity for patients in ongoing lete-cel clinical trials forming part of the NY-ESO cell therapy program.

As part of the Termination and Transfer Agreement, sponsorship of the ongoing IGNYTE and LTFU trials relating to the NY-ESO cell therapy program will transfer to the Company. In return for this, the Company received an upfront payment of £7.5 million in June 2023 following the execution of the Termination and Transfer Agreement and further milestone payments of £3 million, £12 million, £6 million and £1.5 million to the Company in September and December 2023 and June and August 2024, respectively. No further payments are due from GSK under the Termination and Transfer Agreement.

The Company has identified the following performance obligations under the Termination and Transfer Agreement: (i) to take over sponsorship and complete the IGNYTE trial and (ii) to take over sponsorship and complete the LTFU trial. The revenue allocated to both obligations is recognized over time from the point that sponsorship of the active trials that make up the trial transfer, based on the number of patients transferred and still actively enrolled to date on the trial at a given period-end relative to the total estimated periods of active patient enrollment over the estimated duration of the trial.

The Galapagos Collaboration and Exclusive License Agreement

On May 30, 2024, the Company entered into the Galapagos Collaboration Agreement. The Galapagos Collaboration Agreement includes an option for Galapagos to exclusively license the TCR T-cell therapy candidate uza-cel, manufactured on Galapagos’s decentralized manufacturing platform, in head and neck cancer and potential future solid tumor indications. Under the Galapagos Collaboration Agreement, we will conduct a clinical proof-of-concept trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of uza-cel produced on Galapagos’ decentralized manufacturing platform in patients with head and neck cancer.

The Company will receive initial payments of $100 million, comprising $70 million upfront and $30 million of research and development funding, option exercise fees of up to $100 million (the amount depending on the number of indications in relation to which the option is exercised), additional development and sales milestone payments of up to a maximum of $465 million, plus tiered royalties on net sales. The $70 million upfront payment and $15 million of upfront research and development funding was received in June 2024.

The Company has identified a performance obligation relating to the various activities required to complete the POC trial and a material right associated with the exclusive license option. The Company expects to satisfy the POC Trial obligation over time over the period that the trial is completed, based on an estimate of the percentage of completion of the trial determined based on the costs incurred on the trial as a percentage of the total expected costs. The revenue allocated to the material right associated with the exclusive licence option will be recognized from the point that the option is either exercised and control of the license has passed to Galapagos or the option lapses.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold represents the costs involved in the manufacture of our commercial products including raw materials, internal manufacturing and staff costs including a share of overheads and other costs incurred in bringing inventories to their existing condition and location prior to sale. Cost of goods sold also includes the costs for excess or obsolete inventory.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenditures are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses consist principally of the following:

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The foreign exchange gains or losses arising on the revaluation of intercompany loans of a long-term investment nature are reported within other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax.

Our results of operations and cash flows will be subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, which could harm our business in the future. We seek to minimize this exposure by maintaining currency cash balances at levels appropriate to meet forthcoming expenditure in U.S. dollars and pounds sterling. To date, we have not used hedging contracts to manage exchange rate exposure, although we may do so in the future.

In addition to currency fluctuations, adverse macroeconomic conditions, including inflation, slower growth or recession, new or increased tariffs, changes to fiscal and monetary policy, tighter credit, and higher interest rates, could materially adversely affect the Company by, for example, driving higher input costs and/or impacting the Company’s ability to raise future financing.

Taxation

We are subject to corporate taxation in the U.K. and the U.S. We typically incur tax losses and tax credit carryforwards in the U.K. No net deferred tax assets are recognized on our U.K. losses and tax credit carryforwards because there is currently no indication that we will make sufficient taxable profits to utilize these tax losses and tax credit carryforwards. The rate of U.K. corporation tax is 25% for the year ended December 31, 2025.

We benefit from reimbursable tax credits in the U.K. through the Merged RDEC Scheme and previously benefitted from the SME R&D Tax Credit Scheme and the RDEC Scheme, all of which are presented as a deduction to research and development expenditure.

Our Philadealphia-based subsidiary in the U.S., Adaptimmune LLC, has generated taxable profits due to a Service Agreement between our U.S. and U.K. operating subsidiaries and is subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax of 21%. Due to its activity in the U.S., and the sourcing of its revenue, the Adaptimmune LLC is not currently subject to any state or local income taxes. The Company also benefits from the U.S Research Tax Credit and Orphan Drug Credit.

TCR² has incurred net losses since acquisition and generates research and development tax credits. TCR²’s operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and other tax attributes are reduced by a valuation allowance to the amount supported by reversing taxable temporary differences because there is currently no indication that we will make sufficient taxable profits to utilize these deferred tax assets.

In the future, if we generate taxable income in the U.K., we may benefit from the U.K.’s “patent box” regime, which would allow certain profits attributable to revenues from patented products to be taxed at a rate of 10%. As we have many different patents covering our products, future upfront fees, milestone fees, product revenues, and royalties may be taxed at this favorably low tax rate.

U.K. Value Added Tax (“VAT”) is charged on all qualifying goods and services by VAT-registered businesses. An amount of 20% of the value of the goods or services is added to all relevant sales invoices and is payable to the U.K. tax authorities. Similarly, VAT paid on purchase invoices paid by Adaptimmune Limited and the Company is reclaimable from the U.K. tax authorities.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

The preparation of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the revenues and expenses incurred during the reported periods. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are relevant under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The accounting policies considered to be critical to the judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements are disclosed in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our 2024 Annual Report.

No accounting policies or estimates were considered to be critical to the judgements and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

The following table summarizes the results of our operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, together with the changes to those items (in thousands):


	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2025		2024		Increase/decrease
Product revenue, net	$	4,048	$	—	$	4,048	—	%
Development revenue		3,237		5,678		(2,441)	(43)	%
Revenue	$	7,285	$	5,678	$	1,607	28	%
Cost of goods sold		(879)		—		(879)	—	%
Research and development expenses		(28,857)		(35,207)		6,350	(18)	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses		(23,282)		(19,732)		(3,550)	18	%
Total operating expenses		(53,018)		(54,939)		1,921	(3)	%
Operating loss		(45,733)		(49,261)		3,528	(7)	%
Interest income		910		1,345		(435)	(32)	%
Interest expense		(1,881)		—		(1,881)	—	%
Other (expense) income, net		(305)		(61)		(244)	400	%
Loss before income tax expense		(47,009)		(47,977)		968	(2)	%
Income tax expense		(575)		(526)		(49)	9	%
Loss for the period	$	(47,584)	$	(48,503)	$	919	(2)	%

Revenue

The revenue recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2025 relates to TECELRA product sales and development revenue under the Galapagos Collaboration Agreement and the GSK Termination and Transfer Agreement.

Revenue increased by $1.6 million to $7.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to $5.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 primarily due to product sales commencing following the FDA approval of TECELRA on August 1, 2024. The revenue included under development revenue from Galapagos and GSK in the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $0.5 million and $2.7 million respectively, compared to revenue from Genentech and GSK in the three months ended March 31, 2024 of $2.8 million and $2.9 million, respectively. Revenue from development activities decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024. This decline was primarily due to the transition from Genentech to Galapagos as a collaboration partner. Revenue recognized from the Galapagos collaboration was lower because the project is at an earlier stage of development than the Genentech collaboration was during the first quarter of 2024.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses decreased by 18% to $28.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $35.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Our research and development expenses comprise the following (in thousands):

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	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2025		2024		Increase/decrease
Salaries, materials, equipment, depreciation of property, plant and equipment and other employee-related costs⁽¹⁾	$	19,785		24,025	$	(4,240)	(17.6)	%
Subcontracted expenditure		8,672		11,457		(2,785)	(24.3)	%
Manufacturing facility expenditure		1,762		2,401		(639)	(26.6)	%
Share-based compensation expense		(132)		813		(945)	(116.2)	%
In-process research and development costs		8		10		(2)	(17.3)	%
Reimbursements receivable for research and development tax and expenditure credits		(1,238)		(3,499)		2,261	(64.6)	%
	$	28,857	$	35,207	$	(6,350)	(18.0)	%

(1)

These costs are not analyzed by project since employees may be engaged in multiple projects simultaneously.

The net decrease in our research and development expenses of $6.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 was primarily due to the following:

●

a decrease of $4.2 million in salaries, materials, equipment, depreciation of property, plant and equipment and other employee-related costs, which is driven primarily by an decrease in the average number of employees engaged in research and development and a reduction in temporary staff following the restructuring and reprioritization of activities that was announced in November 2024;

●

a decrease of 0.9 million in share-based compensation due to forfeiture credits as a result of redundancies arising as part of the restructuring; and

●

a decrease of $2.8 million on subcontracted expenditure primarily due to a reduction in outsourced research costs; offset by

●

a decrease of $2.3 million in reimbursements receivable for research and development tax and expenditure credits due to decreases in the associated research and development costs for which the credits may be claimed and changes to the tax credit schemes effective from April 1, 2024 that affected the effective rate at which we claim credits.

Our subcontracted costs for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were $8.7 million, compared to $11.5 million in the same period of 2024. This includes $6.5 million of costs directly associated with our afami-cel, lete-cel and uza-cel T-cells and $2.2 million of other development costs.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 18% to $23.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $19.7 million in the same period in 2024. Our selling, general and administrative expenses consist of the following (in thousands):


	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2025		2024		Increase/decrease
Salaries, depreciation of property, plant and equipment and other employee-related costs	$	9,976	$	9,880	$	96	1	%
Restructuring charges		1,662		—		1,662	—	%
Other corporate costs		10,483		7,563		2,920	39	%
Share-based compensation expense		801		2,289		(1,488)	(65)	%
Selling expenses		360		—		360	—	%
	$	23,282	$	19,732	$	3,550	18	%

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The Company needs to acquire additional funding to finance its operating activities. We are actively looking at a variety of strategic opportunities and have engaged TD Cowen to evaluate strategic options for the Company and all of its programs. These could include potential mergers with third parties, acquisitions of part or all of the business together with other collaborations or partnerships. We are also considering acquiring additional funding through use of the Company ATM and/or other methods of raising equity financing. In addition the Company is also reducing its operating costs and has taken the decision to pause spending on its PRAME and CD70 programs. Although we are currently progressing plans to acquire additional funding, we may be unable to obtain sufficient additional capital to continue funding our operations or at all..

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 205-40, Going Concern, we evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued. Management concluded that substantial doubt exists as to whether we can continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued. See Note 2(c) to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further detail.

None of the potential mitigating actions above are under the direct control of the Company. As a result, the substantial doubt over the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within 12 months from the date of filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is not alleviated as of the date of filing.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes the results of our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):


		Three months ended
		March 31,
	2025		2024
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(66,592)	$	(31,950)
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities		41,154		(358)
Net cash (used in)/provided by financing activities		(25,320)		29,235
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		43,004		143,528

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $66.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to $32.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Our activities typically result in net use of cash in operating activities. The net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased, primarily due to the receipt of research and development credits of $30.8 million in three months ended March 31, 2024 relating to the 2022 credits, whereas the equivalent credit for 2023 was received in the fourth quarter of 2024. Operating cash flows also increased due to redundancy payments relating to the restructuring announced in November 2024.

Net cash used in operating activities of $66.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 comprised a net loss of $47.6 million and a net cash outflow of $21.3 million from changes in operating assets and liabilities, offset by non-cash items of $2.3 million. The non-cash items consisted primarily of depreciation expense on plant and equipment of $2.3 million, share-based compensation expense of $0.7 million, unrealized foreign exchange gains of $0.4 million and other items of $0.2 million.

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Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities was $41.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to $0.4 million used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The net cash used in or provided by investing activities for the respective periods consisted primarily of:

●

purchases of property, plant and equipment of $1.2 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

●

there were no purchases of intangible assets in the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024; and

●

investments in marketable securities of $16.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to none in the three months ended March 31, 2024; offset by

●

cash inflows of $58.4 million from the maturity, redemption or sale of marketable securities in the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to none for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The Company invests surplus cash and cash equivalents in marketable securities.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $25.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $29.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The net cash used in financing activities in the three months ended March 31, 2025 consisted of a $25.5 million repayment of the Hercules Capital loan facility, offset by net proceeds of $0.1 million from shares issued in an ATM offering. The net cash provided by financing activities in the three months ended March 31, 2024 consisted primarily of net proceeds of $29.2 million from shares issued in an ATM offering, net of commissions and issuance costs.

Non-GAAP Measures

Total Liquidity

Total Liquidity (a non-GAAP financial measure) is the total of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. Each of these components appears in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The U.S. GAAP financial measure most directly comparable to Total Liquidity is cash and cash equivalents as reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements, which reconciles to Total Liquidity as follows (in thousands):


	March 31,		December 31,
	2025		2024
Cash and cash equivalents	$	41,054	$	91,139
Marketable securities - available-for-sale debt securities		18,509		60,466
Total Liquidity	$	59,563	$	151,605

We believe that the presentation of Total Liquidity provides useful information to investors because management reviews Total Liquidity as part of its management of overall solvency and liquidity, financial flexibility, capital position and leverage. The definition of Total Liquidity includes marketable securities, which are highly-liquid and available to use in our current operations.

Safe Harbor

See the section titled “Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” at the beginning of this Quarterly Report.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

There have been no material changes to the Company’s market risk during the three months ended March 31, 2025. For a discussion of the Company’s exposure to market risk, please refer to the Company’s market risk disclosures set forth in Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our 2024 Annual Report.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”) as of March 31, 2025.

Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at March 31, 2025.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

No changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d – 15(e)) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

On December 2, 2024, the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (“MD Anderson”) served litigation in the District Court of Harris County against Adaptimmune LLC (“Adaptimmune”). The litigation relates to a Strategic Alliance Agreement between MD Anderson and Adaptimmune dated September 23, 2016. MD Anderson claims damages of over $21 million (excluding legal fees and costs of court) caused by Adaptimmune’s breach of contract. Alternatively, MD Anderson brings an action for quantum meruit, promissory estoppel, unjust enrichment, negligent misrepresentation and reformation. Adaptimmune provided its Original Answer, Affirmative Defenses, Special Exceptions and Counterclaims on January 22, 2025 denying all allegations of the MD Anderson petition and counterclaiming for breach of contract. MD Anderson filed a motion to dismiss Adaptimmune’s counterclaim, Special Exceptions and Original Answer to the counterclaim denying all allegations in the counterclaim on February 11, 2025. This motion was dismissed in its entirety on March 26, 2025. The parties have agreed to mediation of the dispute and mediation is due to occur during May 2025. The case has not yet proceeded to discovery stage and we do not believe there is any merit to the claims being brought by MD Anderson.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Our business has significant risks. You should carefully consider the risk factors set out in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and the disclosures and risk factors set out in this Quarterly Report, including our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes, before making an investment decision regarding our securities. The risks and uncertainties described are those material risk factors currently known and specific to us that we believe are relevant to our business, results of operations and financial condition. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we now deem immaterial may also impair our business, results of operations and financial condition.

As of and for the period ended March 31, 2025, save as provided below there have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed by us in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

We may not be able to maintain compliance with the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq.

Our Americal Depository Shares (ADSs) are listed on Nasdaq. In order to maintain that listing, we must satisfy minimum financial and other requirements including, without limitation, a requirement that our closing bid price must not fall below $1.00 per ADS

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for 30 consecutive business days. On November 1, 2024, we received a notice from The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) that the Company is not in compliance with Nasdaq’s Listing Rule 5450(a)(1), because the minimum bid price of the Company’s American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) had been below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days (the “Notice”). The Notice had no immediate effect on the listing or trading of the Company’s ADSs on The Nasdaq Global Select Market.

In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company had 180 calendar days, or until April 30, 2025, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. To regain compliance, the closing bid price of the Company’s ADSs had to be at least $1.00 per ADS for a minimum of ten consecutive business days during this 180 calendar day grace period, unless Nasdaq exercised its discretion to extend this ten-day period. On April 22, 2025, the Company made an application to transfer its listing to the Nasdaq Capital Market and requested an additional 180 calendar day compliance period. On May 1, 2025, Nasdaq approved the Company’s application to transfer its listing to the Nasdaq Capital Market, effective at the opening of business on May 2, 2025. To regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement and qualify for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, the minimum bid price per ADS must be at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of ten consecutive business days during the additional 180 calendar day compliance period. However, if it appears to Nasdaq’s staff that the Company will not be able to cure the deficiency or if the Company is otherwise not eligible, Nasdaq would notify the Company that its securities would be subject to delisting. The Company may appeal any such determination to delist its securities, but there can be no assurance that any such appeal would be successful.

The Company intends to monitor the closing bid price of its ADSs and assess potential actions to regain compliance with Nasdaq’s Listing Rule 5450(a)(1). However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement or that we will otherwise maintain compliance with other Nasdaq listing requirements. If we fail to regain and maintain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement or to meet the other applicable continued listing requirements in the future and Nasdaq decides to delist our ADSs, the delisting could adversely affect the market price and liquidity of our ADSs, reduce our ability to raise additional capital and result in operational challenges and damage to investor relations and market reputation.

Although our financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $41.1 million, marketable securities of $18.5 million, and negative stockholders’ equity of $37.4 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company incurred a net loss of $47.6 million, used cash of $66.6 million in its operating activities, and generated revenues of $7.3 million. The Company has incurred net losses in most periods since inception and it expects to incur operating losses in future periods. Having evaluated certain conditions and events, the Company has concluded that substantial doubt exists as to whether we can continue as an ongoing business within one year after the date the financial statements are issued.

We executed a restructuring of the Company to reduce headcount and expenses in early 2025. We have paused spend on the PRAME and CD-70 preclinical programs. Despite this restructuring we must obtain additional capital to continue funding planned operations. We are exploring strategic options. Despite this we may be unable to obtain sufficient additional capital to continue funding our operations or, if we do, it may be insufficient and/or on terms that are unfavorable to our existing shareholders. Any future fundraising, if possible, is likely to be highly dilutive to our existing shareholders and may also divert our management from its day-to-day activities.

If the Company fails to obtain additional funding, it may be required to:

●

further reduce or stop activities and operations of the business in order to reduce or eliminate ongoing expenditure. Any such reduction could significantly delay the timelines under which we can bring new products to the market (including lete-cel) or our ability to commercialize TECELRA;

●

further reduce headcount and expenditure which will in turn reduce the activities and operations of the business;

●

repay all or part of the remaining loan advances received under the Loan Agreement in accordance with the terms of the Loan Agreement (including any applicable repayment charges or costs);

●

seek further third party alliances for existing assets, including TECELRA, on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available;

●

seek an acquirer for all or part of the business on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available; and

●

relinquish or license on unfavorable terms or rights to technologies, intellectual property or product candidates we would otherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves.

Table of Contents

Item 6. Exhibits.

The following exhibits are either provided with this Quarterly Report or are incorporated herein by reference:


Exhibit Number	Description of Exhibit
10.46		First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement, dated May 14, 2024, by and among Adaptimmune Therapeutics plc, Adaptimmune LLC, CM Intermediate Sub I, Inc., CM Intermediate Sub II, Inc., TCR2 Therapeutics Inc., TRUCS Therapeutics Limited, Adaptimmune Limited and Hercules Capital, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.46 to our Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 24, 2025).

31.1**		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2**		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1***		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2***		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101**		The following financial information from Adaptimmune Therapeutics plc’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, (ii) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, (iii) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, (iv) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Change in Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, (v) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 and (vi) Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

104**		Cover Page Interactive date File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

** Filed herewith.

*** Furnished herewith.


	ADAPTIMMUNE THERAPEUTICS PLC


Date: May 13, 2025	/s/ Adrian Rawcliffe
	Adrian Rawcliffe
	Chief Executive Officer


Date: May 13, 2025	/s/ Gavin Wood
	Gavin Wood
	Chief Financial Officer


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION		4

Item 1.	Financial Statements:	4

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024	4

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	5

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	6

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Change in Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	7

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	9

	Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	38

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	38

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION		38

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	38

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	38

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	40

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	40

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	40

Item 5.	Other Information	40

Item 6.	Exhibits	41

Signatures		42