Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

Income taxes (Tables)

v3.24.0.1
Income taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income taxes  
Schedule of loss before income tax expenses

Loss before income tax expense is as follows (in thousands):

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Year ended

​

Year ended

​

Year ended

​

​

December 31, 

​

December 31, 

​

December 31, 

​

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

U.S.

​

$

(9,597)

​

$

(3,245)

​

$

1,625

U.K.

​

​

(102,938)

​

​

(159,714)

​

​

(158,924)

Loss before income tax expense

​

$

(112,535)

​

$

(162,959)

​

$

(157,299)

Schedule of components of income tax expense

The components of income tax expense are as follows (in thousands):

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Year ended

​

Year ended

​

Year ended

​

​

December 31, 

​

December 31, 

​

December 31, 

​

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

United States:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Federal

​

$

1,301

​

$

2,492

​

$

791

State and local

​

​

9

​

​

5

​

​

—

U.K.

​

​

26

​

​

—

​

​

—

Total current tax expense

​

​

1,336

​

​

2,497

​

​

791

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

United States:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Federal

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

—

State and local

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

—

U.K.

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

—

Total deferred tax expense

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

—

Total income tax expense

​

$

1,336

​

$

2,497

​

$

791

Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022 the tax effects of temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

December 31, 

​

December 31, 

​

    

2023

    

2022

Deferred tax liabilities

​

​

​

​

​

​

Property, plant and equipment

​

$

(4,954)

​

$

(3,486)

Operating lease right-of-use assets

​

​

(1,780)

​

​

(1,529)

Other

​

​

(365)

​

​

(251)

Total

​

​

(7,099)

​

​

(5,266)

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Deferred tax assets

​

​

​

​

​

​

Share-based compensation expense

​

​

15,039

​

​

16,963

Property, plant and equipment

​

​

391

​

​

—

Intangible assets

​

​

1,392

​

​

1,324

Operating lease liabilities

​

​

2,556

​

​

1,958

Net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards

​

​

241,337

​

​

136,592

Capitalized research and development expenditure

​

​

37,699

​

​

8,409

Other

​

​

3,605

​

​

532

Total

​

​

302,019

​

​

165,778

Valuation allowance

​

​

(294,920)

​

​

(160,512)

​

​

​

7,099

​

​

5,266

Net deferred tax asset/(liability)

​

$

(0)

​

$

—

​

Schedule of movements in deferred tax asset valuation allowance

The movements in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (thousands):

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

2023

​

2022

Valuation allowance at January 1,

​

$

160,512

​

$

132,443

Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets acquired from TCR2

​

​

114,294

​

​

—

Increase in valuation allowance through net loss

​

​

21,076

​

​

30,455

(Decrease)/increase in valuation allowance through other comprehensive loss

​

​

(8,042)

​

​

9,836

Foreign currency translation adjustments

​

​

7,080

​

​

(12,222)

Net change in the valuation allowance

​

​

134,408

​

​

28,069

Valuation allowance at December 31,

​

$

294,920

​

$

160,512

Schedule of the effective tax rate reconciliation

Reconciliation of the U.K. statutory income tax rate, the income tax rate of the country of domicile of the Company, to the Company's effective income tax rate is as follows (in percentages):

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Year ended

​

Year ended

​

Year ended

​

​

​

December 31, 

​

December 31, 

​

December 31, 

​

​

​

2023

    

2022

    

2021

    

U.K. tax rate

​

23.5

%  

19.0

%  

19.0

%  

Tax-exempt reimbursable tax credits included within pretax Research and development expense

​

2.5

%  

3.6

%  

4.1

%  

Income not taxable

​

5.3

%  

—

%  

—

%  

Surrender of R&D expenditures for R&D tax credit refund

​

(13.3)

%  

(10.5)

%  

(10.3)

%  

Expenses not deductible

​

(2.3)

%  

(0.3)

%  

(0.2)

%  

Change in valuation allowances

​

(18.9)

%  

(18.8)

%  

(31.8)

%  

Change in tax rates

​

—

%  

—

%  

13.7

%  

Difference in tax rates

​

0.0

%  

5.5

%  

4.4

%  

R&D tax credits generated

​

3.1

%

2.1

%  

2.0

%  

Other

​

(1.0)

%  

(2.1)

%  

(1.4)

%  

Effective income tax rate

​

(1.1)

%  

(1.5)

%  

(0.5)

%