Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

Income taxes (Tables)

v3.22.4
Income taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Income taxes  
Schedule of loss before income tax expenses

Loss before income tax expense is as follows (in thousands):

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Year ended

​

Year ended

​

Year ended

​

​

December 31, 

​

December 31, 

​

December 31, 

​

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

U.S.

​

$

(3,245)

​

$

1,625

​

$

(1,359)

U.K.

​

​

(159,714)

​

​

(158,924)

​

​

(128,571)

Loss before income tax expense

​

$

(162,959)

​

$

(157,299)

​

$

(129,930)

​

Schedule of components of income tax expense

The components of income tax expense are as follows (in thousands):

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Year ended

​

Year ended

​

Year ended

​

​

December 31, 

​

December 31, 

​

December 31, 

​

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

United States:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Federal

​

$

2,492

​

$

791

​

$

162

State and local

​

​

5

​

​

—

​

​

—

U.K.

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

—

Total current tax expense

​

​

2,497

​

​

791

​

​

162

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

United States:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Federal

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

—

State and local

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

—

U.K.

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

—

Total deferred tax expense

​

​

—

​

​

—

​

​

—

Total income tax expense

​

$

2,497

​

$

791

​

$

162

​

Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021 the tax effects of temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

December 31, 

​

December 31, 

​

    

2022

    

2021

Deferred tax liabilities

​

​

​

​

​

​

Property, plant and equipment:

​

$

(3,486)

​

$

(922)

Operating lease right-of-use assets

​

​

(1,529)

​

​

(1,757)

Other

​

​

(251)

​

​

(238)

Total

​

​

(5,266)

​

​

(2,917)

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Deferred tax assets

​

​

​

​

​

​

Share-based compensation expense

​

​

16,963

​

​

15,584

Intangible assets

​

​

1,324

​

​

2,401

Operating lease liabilities

​

​

1,958

​

​

2,143

Net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards

​

​

136,592

​

​

114,972

Capitalized research and development expenditure

​

​

8,409

​

​

—

Other

​

​

532

​

​

260

Total

​

​

165,778

​

​

135,360

Valuation allowance

​

​

(160,512)

​

​

(132,443)

​

​

​

5,266

​

​

2,917

Net deferred tax asset/(liability)

​

$

—

​

$

—

​

Schedule of movements in deferred tax asset valuation allowance

The movements in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (thousands):

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

2022

​

2021

Valuation allowance at January 1,

​

$

132,443

​

$

82,398

Increase in valuation allowance through net loss

​

​

30,455

​

​

50,046

Increase in valuation allowance through other comprehensive loss

​

​

9,836

​

​

1,512

Foreign currency translation adjustments

​

​

(12,222)

​

​

(1,513)

Net change in the valuation allowance

​

​

28,069

​

​

50,045

​

​

$

160,512

​

$

132,443

​

Schedule of the effective tax rate reconciliation

Reconciliation of the U.K. statutory income tax rate, the income tax rate of the country of domicile of the Company, to the Company's effective income tax rate is as follows (in percentages):

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Year ended

​

Year ended

​

Year ended

​

​

​

December 31, 

​

December 31, 

​

December 31, 

​

​

​

2022

    

2021

    

2020

    

U.K. tax rate

​

19.0

%  

19.0

%  

19.0

%  

Tax-exempt reimbursable tax credits included within pretax Research and development expense

​

3.6

%  

4.1

%  

2.8

%  

Surrender of R&D expenditures for R&D tax credit refund

​

(10.5)

%  

(10.3)

%  

(8.4)

%  

Expenses not deductible

​

(0.3)

%  

(0.2)

%  

(1.4)

%  

Change in valuation allowances

​

(18.8)

%  

(31.8)

%  

(17.8)

%  

Change in tax rates

​

—

%  

13.7

%  

4.1

%  

Difference in tax rates

​

5.5

%  

4.4

%  

—

%  

R&D tax credits generated

​

2.1

%

2.0

%  

1.8

%  

Other

​

(2.1)

%  

(1.4)

%  

(0.1)

%  

Effective income tax rate

​

(1.5)

%  

(0.5)

%  

(0.0)

%  

​